ҚАЗАҚ ҒАШЫҚТЫҚ ӘН ӨЛЕҢДЕРІНІҢ ПОЭТИКАЛЫҚ ТИПОЛОГИЯСЫ

Abstract

This article investigates Kazakh folk love songs recorded in the 20th century. The main aim of the work is to develop a scientific poetic and content typology of lyrical works whose authors have been forgotten and which have acquired a folklore character. Typological, structural-poetic, and hermeneutic analysis methods were comprehensively applied during the research. Based on the analysis, love lyrics were classified into three main typological groups: portrait-aesthetic, psychological-emotional, and social-protest motives. It was determined that portrait songs create an ideal image of the beloved through stable epithets and cosmogonic similes, while psychological songs describe the character's internal distress through categories of “dream,” “sorrow,” and “longing.” In songs of the social type, it is substantiated that inequality and resistance to old customs are conveyed through zoomorphic symbolism and hierarchical antithesis. Furthermore, the article considers the semiotic function of material details in song texts, features of the chronotope, and the evolution of the female image. The research conclusions prove that traditional Kazakh love songs are not merely expressions of feelings but a complex artistic system that preserves the national mentality, ethical norms, and aesthetic values. The results of the work contribute to deepening genre studies in folklore and literary criticism.