ҚАЗАҚ ОЧЕРКТЕРІНІҢ ТИПТІК ТҮРЛЕРІ ЖӘНЕ ЖОЛСАПАР ОЧЕРКТЕРІНІҢ ПРАГМАТИКАСЫ

Abstract

The article systematizes the principal types of the Kazakh feature essay and identifies their thematic, generic, and functional characteristics. The study aims to distinguish actively developing and rarely used forms of the contemporary Kazakh feature essay and to differentiate the literary-journalistic features of portrait, problem-oriented, historical-cognitive, industrial, and travel essays. The research material comprises Chokan Valikhanov's Sketches of Dzungaria and Kairat Sak's travel essay Kazakhs of the Old Continent Gathered Together. The analysis employs genre-typological, lexical-semantic, comparative, and pragmatic methods. The findings clarify the relationship between documentary factuality and subjective narration, the expression of the authorial “I,” evaluative semantics, strategies for establishing contact with the addressee, and the pragmatic functions of spatial and temporal categories. Valikhanov's essay is shown to foreground scholarly and documentary narration, whereas Sak's text intensifies dialogue with the reader through rhetorical questions, direct address, and emotional evaluation. The results refine current understandings of the development of the feature essay in Kazakh journalism and literary prose and provide a basis for linguopragmatic analysis of feature-essay texts.