*GENERAL FEATURES OF SOME FOLKLORE-MUSIC GENRES PRESERVED BY KAZAKHS ABROAD

Abstract

This study compares such musical and folklore genres as badyk-kulyapsan, tongue twisters, widespread among nomadic peoples of the Kazakh steppes, with some genres of such peoples as Kyrgyz, Uzbeks, Kumyks and Mongols. For example, the most ancient magic song (with musical accompaniment), found in folklore, is regionally spread only among Kazakh, Karakalpak, Kyrgyz, Uzbek, and Tajik peoples living in Central Asia. This song is not found only among related Turkic peoples, so the authors consider badik a genre form that emerged after the disintegration of the Turkic unification. The badik genre originally emerged as the basis of ancient Turkic song performed in the rituals of ancient Turkic peoples. However, there are reasons to believe that its texts emerged in later times, as this song was not widespread among all Turkic peoples, but was found only among the peoples of Central Asia.

Since tongue twisters are a small genre, their study began much later. The tongue twisters do not have a certain musical accompaniment as badik-kulapsan, but they are performed in the form of verses in accordance with the intonation peculiarities of each person and the emphasis is placed on the purity of words. Therefore, a special musical melody prevails in badik-kulapsan. The tongue twisters are a playful instrument, which is rationally used to correct children's speech, introducing them to the oratorical art. Badik-kulapsan songs are of regional character only for Kazakh, Kyrgyz, Karakalpak, Uzbek, Tajik peoples of Central Asia. Sometimes one of the badik types was called kulyapsan.  

In this study, the songs of badik-kulyapsan, which are used at present only among the Kazakhs of Uzbekistan, as well as samples from not yet published rare books of the Alash intelligentsia, were introduced into the scientific turnover.